Chapter – 5
Thermodynamics
Question 1. Choose the correct answer:
A thermodynamic state junction is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only.
Answer:
(ii) whose value is independent of path
Question 2. For the process to occur under adiabatic conditions, the correct condition is:
(i) ∆T= 0
(ii) ∆p = 0
(iii) q = 0
(iv) w = 0
Ans.
(iii) q = 0
Question 3. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are :
‘(i) unity
(ii) zero
(iii) < 0
(iv) different for each element
Answer:
(ii) zero
Question 5. The enthalpy of combustion of methane, graphite and dihydrogen at 298 K are -890.3 KJ mol-1, – 393.5 KJ mol-1 and – 285.8 KJ mol-1 respectively. Enthalpy of formation of CHJg) will be
(i) – 74.8 KJ mol-1
(ii) – 52.27 KJ mol-1
(iii) + 74.8 KJ mol-1
(iv) + 52.26 KJ mol- 1
Answer:
As per the available data
Question 6. A reaction, A + B—>C + D + q is found to have a positive entropy change. The reaction will be
(i) possible at high temperature
(ii) possible only at low temperature
(iii) not possible at any temperature
(iv) possible at any temperature
Answer:
(iv) possible at any temperature
Question 7. In a process, 701 ] of heat is absorbed by a system and 394 J of work is done by the system. What is the change in internal energy for the process?
Answer: Heat absorbed by the system,
q = 701 J Work done by the system
= – 394 J Change in internal energy (∆U)
= q + w = 701 – 394 = 307 J.
Question 8. The reaction of cyanamide,NH 2CN (s) with dioxygen was carried out in a bomb calorimeter and ∆U was found to be -742,7 KJ-1 mol-1 at 298 K. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction at 298 K.NH2CN (S) + 3/202(g) —–>N2(g) + CO2(g) + H20(Z)
Answer:
∆U = – 742.7 KJ-1 mol-1 ; ∆ng = 2 – 3/2 = + 1/2 mol.R = 8.314 x 10-3KJ-1 mol-1 ; T = 298 K According to the relation,∆H = ∆U+∆ng RT∆H = (- 742.7 kj) + (1/2 mol) x (8.314 x10-3 KJ-1 mol-1 ) x (298 K)= – 742.7 kj + 1.239 kj = – 741.5 kj.
Question 9. Calculate the number of kj of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 60 g of aluminium from 35°C to 55°C. Molar heat capacity of Al is 24 J mol-1 K-1.
Answer:
No. of moles of Al (m) = (60 g)/(27 g mol-1) = 2.22 mol Molar heat capacity (C) = 24 J mol-1 K-1.Rise in temperature (∆T) = 55 – 35 = 20°C = 20 K Heat evolved (q) = C x m x T = (24 J mol-1 K-1) x (2.22 mol) x (20 K)= 1065.6 J = 1.067 kj
Question 10. Calculate the enthalpy change on freezing of 1.0 mol of water at 10.0°C to ice at – 10.0°C. A, H = 6.03 KJ mot1 at 0°C. Cp [H20(l)J = 75.3 J mol-1 K-1; Cp [H20(s)J = 36.8 J mol-1 K-1
.Answer:
The change may be represented as:NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6 Thermodynamics
Question 11. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to carbon dioxide is – 393.5 J mol-1 .Calculate the heat released upon formation of 35.2 g of C02 from carbon and oxygen gas.
Answer:
The combustion equation is:C(s) + 02 (g) —–> C02(g); AcH = – 393.5 KJ mol-1Heat released in the formation of 44 g of C02 = 393.5 kj Heat released in the formation of 35.2 g of C02=(393.5 KJ) x (35.2g)/(44 g) = 314.8 kj
Question 12. Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction:N204(g) + 3 CO (g) ———->N20(g) + 3 CO2(g)Given that;∆fH–CO(g) = – 110 kj mot-1; ∆ fH C02(g) = – 393 kj mol-1∆ fHN 20(g) = 81 kj mot-1; ∆ fN2O4(g) = 9.7 kj mol-1
Answer:
Enthalpy of reaction (∆r,H) = [81 + 3 (- 393)] – [9.7 + 3 (- 110)]= [81 – 1179] – [9.7 – 330] = – 778 kj mol-1
Question 13. Given : N2(g) + 3H2(g) ————> 2NH3(g); ∆r H– = -92.4 kj mot-1 What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?
Answer:
∆H– NH3 (g) = – (92.4)/2 = – 46.2 kj mol-1
Question 14. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CH3OH. from the following data:
(i) CH3OH(l) + 3/2 02 (g) ———-> CO2 (g) + 2H20 (l); ∆rH– = – 726kj mol-1
(ii) C(s) + 02(g) —————>C02 (g); ∆cH– = -393 kj mol-1
(iii) H2(g) + 1/202(g) —————->H20 (l); ∆fH– = -286 kj mol-1
Answer:
The equation we aim at;C(s) + 2H2(g) + l/202(g) ———> CH3OH (l);∆fH– = ±? … (iv)Multiply eqn.
(iii) by 2 and add to eqn.
(ii)C(s) + 2H2(g) + 202(g) ————->C02(g) + 2H20(Z)∆H = – (393 + 522) = – 965 kj moH Subtract eqn.
(iv) from eqn. (i)CH3OH(Z) + 3/202(g) ————> C02(y) + 2H20(Z); ∆H = – 726 kj mol-1Subtract: C(s) + 2H2(y) + l/202(g) ———-> CH3OH(Z); ∆fHe = – 239 kj mol-1
Question 16. For an isolated system∆U = 0; what will be ∆S?
Answer:
Change in internal energy (∆U) for an isolated system is zero for it does not exchange any energy with the surroundings. But entropy tends to increase in case of spontaneous reaction. Therefore, ∆S > 0 or positive.
Question 17. For a reaction at 298 K2A + B————->C∆H = 40Q kj mot1 and AS = 0.2 kj Kr-1 mol-1.At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering ∆H and ∆S to be constant over the temperature range?
Answer:
As per the Gibbs Helmholtz equation:ΔG = Δ H- TΔ S For ΔG=0 ; ΔH=TΔS or T=ΔH/ΔST = (400 KJ mol-1)/(0.2 KJ K-1 mol-1) = 2000 kThus, reaction will be in a state of equilibrium at 2000 K and will be spontaneous above this temperature.
Question 18. For the reaction; 2Cl(g) ———-> Cl2(g); what will be the signs of ∆H and ∆S?
Answer:
∆H : negative (- ve) because energy is released in bond formation∆S : negative (- ve) because entropy decreases when atoms combine to form molecules.